diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index afbdeaa..7de6d0e 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -263,6 +263,16 @@ All long-running launchers use the fixed default container name
 directory in `.runtime/active_training.txt`, so the stop command needs no
 arguments. Do not use `docker kill --signal=SIGINT` for a routine stop.
 
+Resume the last recorded run:
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/resume_training.sh
+```
+
+This reads `.runtime/active_training.txt` after an external interruption or
+`.runtime/last_training.txt` after a graceful stop, validates the checkpoint
+tracker, and invokes the original launcher.
+
 Before stopping, check the latest checkpoint:
 
 ```bash
diff --git a/scripts/README.md b/scripts/README.md
index 2932a08..bb08a6d 100644
--- a/scripts/README.md
+++ b/scripts/README.md
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
   iteration 完成后临时保存 checkpoint 并安全退出。
 - `record_active_training.sh`: launcher 启动容器后原子记录当前 container、run 和
   checkpoint 路径，供状态检查与无参数 graceful stop 使用。
+- `resume_training.sh`: 读取最后一次训练状态，检查 checkpoint tracker，然后重新运行
+  原训练 launcher。
 
 ## g0050 下载与部署
 
@@ -117,7 +119,13 @@ laoyao-2b-pretraining
 ```
 
 训练 launcher 确认容器启动后还会原子更新状态文件，记录 checkpoint 目录、run
-目录和日志路径。即使状态文件缺失，停止脚本也会操作上述固定容器名。多实验并存时
+目录、日志路径和 launcher，并保留：
+
+```text
+.runtime/last_training.txt
+```
+
+即使状态文件缺失，停止脚本也会操作上述固定容器名。多实验并存时
 仍可显式覆盖：
 
 ```bash
@@ -132,3 +140,17 @@ bash scripts/graceful_stop_megatron_training.sh <container-name>
 --graceful-exit-signal SIGTERM
 --disable-graceful-exit-on-signal
 ```
+
+停止后恢复最后一次训练：
+
+```bash
+bash scripts/resume_training.sh
+```
+
+该脚本优先读取 `active_training.txt`（适用于被外部强制终止的训练），否则读取
+`last_training.txt`（适用于正常 graceful stop）。它会确认固定容器当前未运行、
+checkpoint tracker 存在，再重新调用记录的 launcher。只检查、不启动：
+
+```bash
+RESUME_DRY_RUN=1 bash scripts/resume_training.sh
+```
diff --git a/scripts/record_active_training.sh b/scripts/record_active_training.sh
index 509a8df..3a0413c 100755
--- a/scripts/record_active_training.sh
+++ b/scripts/record_active_training.sh
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
 
-if [[ "$#" -ne 4 ]]; then
-  echo "usage: $0 <container-name> <checkpoint-dir> <run-dir> <log-file>" >&2
+if [[ "$#" -ne 5 ]]; then
+  echo "usage: $0 <container-name> <checkpoint-dir> <run-dir> <log-file> <launcher-script>" >&2
   exit 2
 fi
 
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ CONTAINER_NAME="$1"
 CHECKPOINT_DIR="$2"
 RUN_DIR="$3"
 LOG_FILE="$4"
+LAUNCHER_SCRIPT="$5"
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 REPO_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.." && pwd)"
 TRAINING_STATE_FILE="${TRAINING_STATE_FILE:-${REPO_ROOT}/.runtime/active_training.txt}"
+LAST_TRAINING_STATE_FILE="${LAST_TRAINING_STATE_FILE:-${REPO_ROOT}/.runtime/last_training.txt}"
 STARTUP_WAIT_SECONDS="${STARTUP_WAIT_SECONDS:-30}"
 
 deadline=$((SECONDS + STARTUP_WAIT_SECONDS))
@@ -24,17 +26,25 @@ while [[ "$(docker inspect -f '{{.State.Running}}' "$CONTAINER_NAME" 2>/dev/null
   sleep 1
 done
 
-mkdir -p "$(dirname "$TRAINING_STATE_FILE")"
-temporary_file="$(mktemp "${TRAINING_STATE_FILE}.tmp.XXXXXX")"
-trap 'rm -f "$temporary_file"' EXIT
-{
-  printf 'container_name=%s\n' "$CONTAINER_NAME"
-  printf 'checkpoint_dir=%s\n' "$CHECKPOINT_DIR"
-  printf 'run_dir=%s\n' "$RUN_DIR"
-  printf 'log_file=%s\n' "$LOG_FILE"
-  printf 'recorded_at=%s\n' "$(date --iso-8601=seconds)"
-} >"$temporary_file"
-mv "$temporary_file" "$TRAINING_STATE_FILE"
-trap - EXIT
+recorded_at="$(date --iso-8601=seconds)"
 
+write_state_file() {
+  local state_file="$1"
+  local temporary_file
+  mkdir -p "$(dirname "$state_file")"
+  temporary_file="$(mktemp "${state_file}.tmp.XXXXXX")"
+  {
+    printf 'container_name=%s\n' "$CONTAINER_NAME"
+    printf 'checkpoint_dir=%s\n' "$CHECKPOINT_DIR"
+    printf 'run_dir=%s\n' "$RUN_DIR"
+    printf 'log_file=%s\n' "$LOG_FILE"
+    printf 'launcher_script=%s\n' "$LAUNCHER_SCRIPT"
+    printf 'recorded_at=%s\n' "$recorded_at"
+  } >"$temporary_file"
+  mv "$temporary_file" "$state_file"
+}
+
+write_state_file "$TRAINING_STATE_FILE"
+write_state_file "$LAST_TRAINING_STATE_FILE"
 echo "active_training_state=$TRAINING_STATE_FILE"
+echo "last_training_state=$LAST_TRAINING_STATE_FILE"
diff --git a/scripts/resume_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh b/scripts/resume_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
index 676da13..3c8fd7e 100755
--- a/scripts/resume_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
+++ b/scripts/resume_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ nohup docker run --rm --name "${CONTAINER_NAME}" \
       --recompute-num-layers 1" \
   > "${LOG_FILE}" 2>&1 &
 
-bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE"
+bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" \
+  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE" "${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 echo "Launched. Check with:"
 echo "  tail -f ${LOG_FILE}"
 echo "  docker ps"
diff --git a/scripts/resume_stage1_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh b/scripts/resume_stage1_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
index b85e6c1..181d046 100755
--- a/scripts/resume_stage1_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
+++ b/scripts/resume_stage1_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
@@ -117,7 +117,8 @@ nohup docker run --rm --name "${CONTAINER_NAME}" \
   > "${LOG_FILE}" 2>&1 &
 
 bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" \
-  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$HOST_CKPT_DIR" "$(dirname "$HOST_CKPT_DIR")" "$LOG_FILE"
+  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$HOST_CKPT_DIR" "$(dirname "$HOST_CKPT_DIR")" "$LOG_FILE" \
+  "${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 echo "Launched. Check with:"
 echo "  tail -f ${LOG_FILE}"
 echo "  docker ps"
diff --git a/scripts/resume_training.sh b/scripts/resume_training.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3036cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/resume_training.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/.." && pwd)"
+ACTIVE_STATE_FILE="${TRAINING_STATE_FILE:-${REPO_ROOT}/.runtime/active_training.txt}"
+LAST_STATE_FILE="${LAST_TRAINING_STATE_FILE:-${REPO_ROOT}/.runtime/last_training.txt}"
+RESUME_DRY_RUN="${RESUME_DRY_RUN:-0}"
+
+read_state_value() {
+  local state_file="$1"
+  local key="$2"
+  awk -v key="$key" '
+    index($0, key "=") == 1 {
+      sub(/^[^=]*=/, "")
+      print
+      exit
+    }
+  ' "$state_file"
+}
+
+if [[ -f "$ACTIVE_STATE_FILE" ]]; then
+  STATE_FILE="$ACTIVE_STATE_FILE"
+elif [[ -f "$LAST_STATE_FILE" ]]; then
+  STATE_FILE="$LAST_STATE_FILE"
+else
+  echo "ERROR: no active or previous training state found." >&2
+  echo "checked: $ACTIVE_STATE_FILE" >&2
+  echo "checked: $LAST_STATE_FILE" >&2
+  exit 2
+fi
+
+CONTAINER_NAME="$(read_state_value "$STATE_FILE" container_name)"
+CHECKPOINT_DIR="$(read_state_value "$STATE_FILE" checkpoint_dir)"
+RUN_DIR="$(read_state_value "$STATE_FILE" run_dir)"
+LOG_FILE="$(read_state_value "$STATE_FILE" log_file)"
+LAUNCHER_SCRIPT="$(read_state_value "$STATE_FILE" launcher_script)"
+
+CONTAINER_NAME="${CONTAINER_NAME:-laoyao-2b-pretraining}"
+if [[ "$(docker inspect -f '{{.State.Running}}' "$CONTAINER_NAME" 2>/dev/null || true)" == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "ERROR: training container is already running: $CONTAINER_NAME" >&2
+  exit 3
+fi
+if [[ -z "$LAUNCHER_SCRIPT" || ! -f "$LAUNCHER_SCRIPT" ]]; then
+  echo "ERROR: recorded launcher script is missing: ${LAUNCHER_SCRIPT:-<empty>}" >&2
+  exit 4
+fi
+if [[ -z "$CHECKPOINT_DIR" || ! -f "${CHECKPOINT_DIR}/latest_checkpointed_iteration.txt" ]]; then
+  echo "ERROR: resumable checkpoint tracker is missing: ${CHECKPOINT_DIR:-<empty>}" >&2
+  exit 5
+fi
+
+latest_iteration="$(tr -d '[:space:]' < "${CHECKPOINT_DIR}/latest_checkpointed_iteration.txt")"
+cat <<EOF
+state_file=$STATE_FILE
+container_name=$CONTAINER_NAME
+launcher_script=$LAUNCHER_SCRIPT
+run_dir=$RUN_DIR
+checkpoint_dir=$CHECKPOINT_DIR
+latest_checkpointed_iteration=$latest_iteration
+log_file=$LOG_FILE
+EOF
+
+if [[ "$RESUME_DRY_RUN" == "1" ]]; then
+  echo "Dry run passed; training was not launched."
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+CONTAINER_NAME="$CONTAINER_NAME" bash "$LAUNCHER_SCRIPT"
diff --git a/scripts/train_stage2_1_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh b/scripts/train_stage2_1_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
index 0501dea..293c8b1 100755
--- a/scripts/train_stage2_1_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
+++ b/scripts/train_stage2_1_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
@@ -154,5 +154,6 @@ nohup docker run --rm --name "$CONTAINER_NAME" \
     --recompute-granularity full --recompute-method uniform --recompute-num-layers 1 \
     $STAGE_TRANSITION_ARG" >"$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 &
 
-bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE"
+bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" \
+  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE" "${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 echo "Launched container=$CONTAINER_NAME log=$LOG_FILE"
diff --git a/scripts/train_stage2_1_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh b/scripts/train_stage2_1_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
index ec7b2fa..6e7c738 100755
--- a/scripts/train_stage2_1_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
+++ b/scripts/train_stage2_1_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
@@ -141,5 +141,6 @@ nohup docker run --rm --name "$CONTAINER_NAME" \
     --recompute-granularity full --recompute-method uniform --recompute-num-layers 1 \
     $STAGE_TRANSITION_ARG" >"$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 &
 
-bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE"
+bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" \
+  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE" "${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 echo "Launched container=$CONTAINER_NAME log=$LOG_FILE"
diff --git a/scripts/train_stage2_2_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh b/scripts/train_stage2_2_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
index 8e2d441..2902150 100755
--- a/scripts/train_stage2_2_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
+++ b/scripts/train_stage2_2_plainqa_cpt_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
@@ -147,5 +147,6 @@ nohup docker run --rm --name "$CONTAINER_NAME" \
     --recompute-granularity full --recompute-method uniform --recompute-num-layers 1 \
     $STAGE_TRANSITION_ARG" >"$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 &
 
-bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE"
+bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" \
+  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE" "${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 echo "Launched container=$CONTAINER_NAME log=$LOG_FILE"
diff --git a/scripts/train_stage2_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh b/scripts/train_stage2_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
index 7f244b7..ea6c81a 100755
--- a/scripts/train_stage2_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
+++ b/scripts/train_stage2_2_pretrain_8192_8gpu_mbs14.sh
@@ -147,5 +147,6 @@ nohup docker run --rm --name "$CONTAINER_NAME" \
     --recompute-granularity full --recompute-method uniform --recompute-num-layers 1 \
     $STAGE_TRANSITION_ARG" >"$LOG_FILE" 2>&1 &
 
-bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE"
+bash "${SCRIPT_DIR}/record_active_training.sh" \
+  "$CONTAINER_NAME" "$CKPT_DIR" "$RUN_DIR" "$LOG_FILE" "${SCRIPT_DIR}/$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
 echo "Launched container=$CONTAINER_NAME log=$LOG_FILE"