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/*! \file
    \brief A FP16 sparse GEMM example for the NVIDIA Blackwell SM100 architecture using CUTLASS.

    The Blackwell SM100 CUTLASS kernel uses of the following Blackwell SM100 features:

    1. New series of Tensor Core MMA Instructions (tcgen05) introduced on the Blackwell architecture (sm100a) 
    which have 2x throughput compared to Hopper Tensor Core MMA instructions (WGMMA). 

    Note that Hopper WGMMA Tensor Core MMA instructions are not compatible on Blackwell (See https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution). 

    2. A new per-SM memory called Tensor Memory (TMEM) introduced on the Blackwell architecture (sm100a). 
    Blackwell SM100 Tensor Core MMA instructions store their accumulation results in TMEM instead of the 
    Register File. (Please refer to CUDA 12.8 docs on https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/).

    3. An extended flavor of the warp-specialized kernel design introduced in Hopper enabled by use of TMEM 
    which allows us to decouple the execution of MMA and epilogue into separate warps. 

    4. A new SW controlled dynamic scheduler based on cluster launch control (See https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/parallel-thread-execution). 

    Usage:
      $ ./examples/83_blackwell_sparse_gemm/83_blackwell_sparse_gemm --m=8192 --n=8192 --k=8192
*/

#include <iostream>

#include "cutlass/cutlass.h"

#include "cute/tensor.hpp"
#include "cutlass/tensor_ref.h"
#include "cutlass/epilogue/thread/linear_combination.h"
#include "cutlass/gemm/dispatch_policy.hpp"
#include "cutlass/gemm/collective/collective_builder.hpp"
#include "cutlass/epilogue/collective/collective_builder.hpp"
#include "cutlass/gemm/device/gemm_universal_adapter.h"
#include "cutlass/gemm/kernel/gemm_universal.hpp"
#include "cutlass/gemm/kernel/tile_scheduler_params.h"

#include "cutlass/util/command_line.h"
#include "cutlass/util/distribution.h"
#include "cutlass/util/host_tensor.h"
#include "cutlass/util/packed_stride.hpp"
#include "cutlass/util/tensor_view_io.h"
#include "cutlass/util/reference/device/gemm.h"
#include "cutlass/util/reference/device/tensor_compare.h"
#include "cutlass/util/reference/device/tensor_fill.h"
#include "cutlass/transform/kernel/sparse_gemm_compressor.hpp"
#include "cutlass/transform/device/transform_universal_adapter.hpp"

#include "helper.h"

using namespace cute;

#if defined(CUTLASS_ARCH_MMA_SM100_SUPPORTED)

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// GEMM kernel configurations
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// A matrix configuration
using         ElementA    = half_t;                                          // Element type for A matrix operand
using         LayoutTagA  = cutlass::layout::RowMajor;                       // Layout type for A matrix operand
constexpr int AlignmentA  = 2 * 128 / cutlass::sizeof_bits<ElementA>::value; // Memory access granularity/alignment of A matrix in units of elements (up to 16 bytes), 2x for compress along k

// E matrix config
using         ElementE    = cute::uint8_t;

// B matrix configuration
using         ElementB    = half_t;                                         // Element type for B matrix operand
using         LayoutTagB  = cutlass::layout::ColumnMajor;                   // Layout type for B matrix operand
constexpr int AlignmentB  = 128 / cutlass::sizeof_bits<ElementB>::value;    // Memory access granularity/alignment of B matrix in units of elements (up to 16 bytes)

// C/D matrix configuration
using         ElementD    = float;                                          // Element type for D matrix operand
using         ElementC    = float;                                          // Element type for C matrix operand
using         LayoutTagC  = cutlass::layout::ColumnMajor;                   // Layout type for C matrix operand
using         LayoutTagD  = cutlass::layout::ColumnMajor;                   // Layout type for D matrix operand
constexpr int AlignmentD  = 128 / cutlass::sizeof_bits<ElementD>::value;    // Memory access granularity/alignment of C matrix in units of elements (up to 16 bytes)
constexpr int AlignmentC  = 128 / cutlass::sizeof_bits<ElementC>::value;    // Memory access granularity/alignment of C matrix in units of elements (up to 16 bytes)

// Kernel functional config
using ElementAccumulator  = float;                                          // Element type for internal accumulation
using ArchTag             = cutlass::arch::Sm100;                           // Tag indicating the minimum SM that supports the intended feature
using OperatorClass       = cutlass::arch::OpClassSparseTensorOp;           // Operator class tag

// MMA and Cluster Tile Shapes
// Shape of the tile computed by tcgen05 MMA, could be across 2 SMs if Cluster Shape %2 == 0 
using MmaTileShape_MNK = Shape<_256,_128,_64>;                          
// Shape of the threadblocks in a cluster
using ClusterShape_MNK = Shape<_2,_1,_1>;

// Build the epilogue
using CollectiveEpilogue = typename cutlass::epilogue::collective::CollectiveBuilder<
    ArchTag, OperatorClass,
    MmaTileShape_MNK, ClusterShape_MNK,
    cutlass::epilogue::collective::EpilogueTileAuto,
    ElementAccumulator, ElementAccumulator,
    ElementC, LayoutTagC, AlignmentC,
    ElementD, LayoutTagD, AlignmentD,
    cutlass::epilogue::TmaWarpSpecialized2Sm
  >::CollectiveOp;

// Build the mainloop
using CollectiveMainloop = typename cutlass::gemm::collective::CollectiveBuilder<
    ArchTag, OperatorClass,
    ElementA, LayoutTagA, AlignmentA,
    ElementB, LayoutTagB, AlignmentB,
    ElementAccumulator,
    MmaTileShape_MNK, ClusterShape_MNK,
    cutlass::gemm::collective::StageCountAutoCarveoutEpi<CollectiveEpilogue>,
    cutlass::gemm::KernelSparseTmaWarpSpecialized2SmSm100
  >::CollectiveOp;

using ProblemShape = Shape<int,int,int,int>;

// Compose into a kernel
using GemmKernel = cutlass::gemm::kernel::GemmUniversal<
    ProblemShape,
    CollectiveMainloop,
    CollectiveEpilogue,
    void>;                   // Default to ClusterLaunchControl (CLC) based tile scheduler 

using Gemm = cutlass::gemm::device::GemmUniversalAdapter<GemmKernel>;

// Reference device GEMM implementation type
using DeviceGemmReference = cutlass::reference::device::Gemm<
  ElementA,
  LayoutTagA,
  ElementB,
  LayoutTagB,
  ElementC,
  LayoutTagC,
  ElementAccumulator,
  ElementAccumulator>;

// Layouts
using LayoutA = typename Gemm::GemmKernel::CollectiveMainloop::LayoutA;
using LayoutE = typename Gemm::GemmKernel::CollectiveMainloop::LayoutE;
using StrideA = cutlass::gemm::TagToStrideA_t<LayoutTagA>;
using StrideE = StrideA;
using StrideB = typename Gemm::GemmKernel::StrideB;
using StrideC = typename Gemm::GemmKernel::StrideC;
using StrideD = typename Gemm::GemmKernel::StrideD;

//
// Compressor
//
using SparseConfig = typename Gemm::GemmKernel::CollectiveMainloop::SparseConfig;

using CompressorUtility = cutlass::transform::kernel::StructuredSparseCompressorUtility<
                            ProblemShape,
                            ElementA,
                            LayoutTagA,
                            SparseConfig>;

using CompressorKernel = cutlass::transform::kernel::StructuredSparseCompressor<
                            ProblemShape,
                            ElementA,
                            LayoutTagA,
                            SparseConfig,
                            ArchTag>;

using Compressor = cutlass::transform::device::TransformUniversalAdapter<CompressorKernel>;

//
// Data members
//

/// Initialization
LayoutA layout_A;
LayoutE layout_E;
StrideA stride_A;
StrideA stride_A_compressed;
StrideE stride_E;
StrideB stride_B;
StrideC stride_C;
StrideD stride_D;

uint64_t seed;

ProblemShape problem_shape;

cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::ElementA> block_A;
cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::ElementA> block_A_compressed;
cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::CollectiveMainloop::ElementE> block_E;
cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::ElementB> block_B;
cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::ElementC> block_C;
cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::EpilogueOutputOp::ElementOutput> block_D;
cutlass::DeviceAllocation<typename Gemm::EpilogueOutputOp::ElementOutput> block_ref_D;

#endif // defined(CUTLASS_ARCH_MMA_SM100_SUPPORTED)

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Testbed utility types
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Command line options parsing
struct Options {

  bool help;

  float alpha, beta;
  int iterations;
  int m, n, k, l;

  Options():
    help(false),
    m(8192), n(8192), k(8192), l(1),
    alpha(1.f), beta(0.f),
    iterations(10)
  { }

  // Parses the command line
  void parse(int argc, char const **args) {
    cutlass::CommandLine cmd(argc, args);

    if (cmd.check_cmd_line_flag("help")) {
      help = true;
      return;
    }

    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("m", m);
    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("n", n);
    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("k", k);
    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("l", l);
    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("alpha", alpha, 1.f);
    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("beta", beta, 0.f);
    cmd.get_cmd_line_argument("iterations", iterations);
  }

  /// Prints the usage statement.
  std::ostream & print_usage(std::ostream &out) const {

    out << "83_blackwell_sparse_gemm\n\n"
      << "  Blackwell FP16 Sparse GEMM example.\n\n"
      << "Options:\n\n"
      << "  --help                      If specified, displays this usage statement\n\n"
      << "  --m=<int>                   Sets the M extent of the GEMM\n"
      << "  --n=<int>                   Sets the N extent of the GEMM\n"
      << "  --k=<int>                   Sets the K extent of the GEMM\n"
      << "  --l=<int>                   Sets the L extent of the GEMM\n"
      << "  --alpha=<f32>               Epilogue scalar alpha\n"
      << "  --beta=<f32>                Epilogue scalar beta\n\n"
      << "  --iterations=<int>          Number of profiling iterations to perform.\n\n";

    out
      << "\n\nExamples:\n\n"
      << "$ " << "83_blackwell_sparse_gemm" << " --m=1024 --n=512 --k=1024 --alpha=2 --beta=0.707 \n\n";

    return out;
  }

  /// Compute performance in GFLOP/s
  double gflops(double runtime_s) const
  {
    // Two flops per multiply-add
    uint64_t flop = uint64_t(2) * m * n * k;
    double gflop = double(flop) / double(1.0e9);
    return gflop / runtime_s;
  }
};

/// Result structure
struct Result
{
  double avg_runtime_ms;
  double gflops;
  cutlass::Status status;
  cudaError_t error;
  bool passed;

  Result(
    double avg_runtime_ms = 0,
    double gflops = 0,
    cutlass::Status status = cutlass::Status::kSuccess,
    cudaError_t error = cudaSuccess)
  :
    avg_runtime_ms(avg_runtime_ms), gflops(gflops), status(status), error(error), passed(false)
  {}

};

#if defined(CUTLASS_ARCH_MMA_SM100_SUPPORTED)

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// GEMM setup and evaluation
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Helper to initialize a block of device data
template <class Element>
bool initialize_block(
  cutlass::DeviceAllocation<Element>& block,
  uint64_t seed=2023) {

  Element scope_max, scope_min;
  constexpr int bits_input = cutlass::sizeof_bits<Element>::value;

  if constexpr (bits_input == 1) {
    scope_max = Element(2);
    scope_min = Element(0);
  }
  else if constexpr (bits_input <= 8) {
    scope_max = Element(2);
    scope_min = Element(-2);
  }
  else {
    scope_max = Element(8);
    scope_min = Element(-8);
  }
  cutlass::reference::device::BlockFillRandomUniform(
    block.get(), block.size(), seed, scope_max, scope_min, 0);
  return true;
}

/// Make A structured sparse by replacing elements with 0 and compress it
bool sparsify_and_compress()
{
  auto [M, N, K, L] = problem_shape;
  CompressorUtility compressor_utility(problem_shape, stride_A);

  // TensorE
  // In unit of ElementE (uint8_t), after alignment requirement
  // M-dim: TensorEAtom_M alignment
  // K-dim: TensorEAtom_K alignment
  int KAlignedE = compressor_utility.get_metadata_k_physical();
  int MAlignedE = compressor_utility.get_metadata_m_physical();

  // TensorA Compressed
  // In unit of ElementARaw, after alignment requirement
  // M-dim: TMA alignment
  // K-dim: TMA alignment
  int KAlignedAC = compressor_utility.get_tensorA_k_physical();
  int MAlignedAC = compressor_utility.get_tensorA_m_physical();

  block_A_compressed.reset(M * KAlignedAC * L);
  block_E.reset(MAlignedE * KAlignedE * L);

  stride_A_compressed = cutlass::make_cute_packed_stride(StrideA{}, cute::make_shape(M, KAlignedAC, L));
  stride_E            = cutlass::make_cute_packed_stride(StrideE{}, cute::make_shape(MAlignedE, KAlignedE, L));

  // Random 50% fill zero is performed on host
  std::vector<ElementA> block_A_host(block_A.size());
  cutlass::device_memory::copy_to_host(block_A_host.data(), block_A.get(), block_A.size());
  compressor_utility.structure_sparse_zero_mask_fill(block_A_host.data(), static_cast<int>(seed + 2024));
  cutlass::device_memory::copy_to_device(block_A.get(), block_A_host.data(), block_A.size());

  cutlass::KernelHardwareInfo hw_info;
  hw_info.device_id = 0;
  hw_info.sm_count = cutlass::KernelHardwareInfo::query_device_multiprocessor_count(hw_info.device_id);
  typename Compressor::Arguments arguments {
    problem_shape,
    { block_A.get(),
      stride_A,
      block_A_compressed.get(),
      block_E.get() },
    {hw_info} };

  Compressor compressor_op;
  size_t workspace_size = Compressor::get_workspace_size(arguments);
  cutlass::device_memory::allocation<uint8_t> workspace(workspace_size);

  cutlass::Status status {cutlass::Status::kSuccess };
  status = compressor_op.can_implement(arguments);
  if (status != cutlass::Status::kSuccess) {
    return false;
  }

  status = compressor_op.initialize(arguments, workspace.get());
  if (status != cutlass::Status::kSuccess) {
    return false;
  }

  status = compressor_op.run();
  if (status != cutlass::Status::kSuccess) {
    return false;
  }

  auto result = cudaDeviceSynchronize();
  if (result != cudaSuccess) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/// Initialize operands to be used in the GEMM and reference GEMM
bool initialize(const Options &options) {

  stride_A = cutlass::make_cute_packed_stride(StrideA{}, {options.m, options.k, 1});
  stride_B = cutlass::make_cute_packed_stride(StrideB{}, {options.n, options.k, 1});
  stride_C = cutlass::make_cute_packed_stride(StrideC{}, {options.m, options.n, 1});
  stride_D = cutlass::make_cute_packed_stride(StrideD{}, {options.m, options.n, 1});

  block_A.reset(options.m * options.k);
  block_B.reset(options.k * options.n);
  block_C.reset(options.m * options.n);
  block_D.reset(options.m * options.n);
  block_ref_D.reset(options.m * options.n);

  initialize_block(block_A, seed + 2023);
  initialize_block(block_B, seed + 2022);
  initialize_block(block_C, seed + 2021);

  // Compress row A and get A_compress and E
  problem_shape = make_tuple(options.m, options.n, options.k, options.l);
  if (not sparsify_and_compress()) {
    return false;
  };

  // Build the compressed/metadata layouts
  layout_A = SparseConfig::fill_layoutA(problem_shape);
  layout_E = SparseConfig::fill_layoutE(problem_shape);

  return true;
}

/// Populates a Gemm::Arguments structure from the given commandline options
typename Gemm::Arguments args_from_options(const Options &options)
{
  typename Gemm::Arguments arguments {
    cutlass::gemm::GemmUniversalMode::kGemm,
    problem_shape,
    { block_A_compressed.get(), layout_A, block_B.get(), stride_B, block_E.get(), layout_E },
    {{options.alpha, options.beta}, block_C.get(), stride_C, block_D.get(), stride_D}
  };

  return arguments;
}

bool verify(const Options &options) {
  cutlass::TensorRef ref_A(block_A.get(), Gemm::LayoutA::packed({options.m, options.k}));
  cutlass::TensorRef ref_B(block_B.get(), Gemm::LayoutB::packed({options.k, options.n}));
  cutlass::TensorRef ref_C(block_C.get(), Gemm::LayoutC::packed({options.m, options.n}));
  cutlass::TensorRef ref_D(block_ref_D.get(), Gemm::LayoutD::packed({options.m, options.n}));

  //
  // Compute reference output
  //

  // Create instantiation for device reference gemm kernel
  DeviceGemmReference gemm_reference;

  // Launch device reference gemm kernel
  gemm_reference(
    {options.m, options.n, options.k},
    ElementAccumulator(options.alpha),
    ref_A,
    ref_B,
    ElementAccumulator(options.beta),
    ref_C,
    ref_D);

  // Wait for kernel to finish
  CUDA_CHECK(cudaDeviceSynchronize());

  // Check if output from CUTLASS kernel and reference kernel are equal or not
  bool passed = cutlass::reference::device::BlockCompareEqual(block_ref_D.get(), block_D.get(), block_D.size());

  return passed;
}

/// Execute a given example GEMM computation
template <typename Gemm>
int run(Options &options)
{
  auto init_pass = initialize(options);
  if (not init_pass) {
    std::cout << "Initialization failure" << std::endl;
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  // Instantiate CUTLASS kernel depending on templates
  Gemm gemm;

  // Create a structure of gemm kernel arguments suitable for invoking an instance of Gemm
  auto arguments = args_from_options(options);

  // Using the arguments, query for extra workspace required for matrix multiplication computation
  size_t workspace_size = Gemm::get_workspace_size(arguments);

  // Allocate workspace memory
  cutlass::device_memory::allocation<uint8_t> workspace(workspace_size);

  // Check if the problem size is supported or not
  CUTLASS_CHECK(gemm.can_implement(arguments));

  // Initialize CUTLASS kernel with arguments and workspace pointer
  CUTLASS_CHECK(gemm.initialize(arguments, workspace.get()));

  // Correctness / Warmup iteration
  CUTLASS_CHECK(gemm.run());

  cudaDeviceSynchronize();

  // Check if output from CUTLASS kernel and reference kernel are equal or not
  Result result;
  result.passed = verify(options);

  std::cout << "  Disposition: " << (result.passed ? "Passed" : "Failed") << std::endl;

  if (not result.passed) {
    exit(-1);
  }

  // Run profiling loop
  if (options.iterations > 0)
  {
    GpuTimer timer;
    timer.start();
    for (int iter = 0; iter < options.iterations; ++iter) {
      CUTLASS_CHECK(gemm.initialize(arguments, workspace.get()));
      CUTLASS_CHECK(gemm.run());
    }
    timer.stop();

    // Compute average runtime and GFLOPs.
    float elapsed_ms = timer.elapsed_millis();
    result.avg_runtime_ms = double(elapsed_ms) / double(options.iterations);
    result.gflops = options.gflops(result.avg_runtime_ms / 1000.0);


    std::cout << "  Problem Size: " << options.m << 'x' << options.n << 'x' << options.k << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  Avg runtime: " << result.avg_runtime_ms << " ms" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "  GFLOPS: " << result.gflops << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

#endif // defined(CUTLASS_ARCH_MMA_SM100_SUPPORTED)

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main(int argc, char const **args) {

  // CUTLASS must be compiled with CUDA 12.8 or higher Toolkit to run this example
  // and must have compute capability at least 100.
  if (__CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ < 12 || (__CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ == 12 && __CUDACC_VER_MINOR__ < 8)) {
    std::cerr << "This example requires CUDA 12.8 or newer." << std::endl;
    // Returning zero so this test passes on older Toolkits. Its actions are no-op.
    return 0;
  }

  cudaDeviceProp props;
  int current_device_id;
  CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDevice(&current_device_id));
  CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&props, current_device_id));
  cudaError_t error = cudaGetDeviceProperties(&props, 0);
  if (not (props.major == 10 && props.minor == 0)) {
    std::cerr << "This example requires a GPU of NVIDIA's Blackwell architecture (compute capability 100)." << std::endl;
    return 0;
  }

  //
  // Parse options
  //

  Options options;

  options.parse(argc, args);

  if (options.help) {
    options.print_usage(std::cout) << std::endl;
    return 0;
  }

  //
  // Evaluate CUTLASS kernels
  //
#if defined(CUTLASS_ARCH_MMA_SM100_SUPPORTED)
  run<Gemm>(options);
#endif // defined(CUTLASS_ARCH_MMA_SM100_SUPPORTED)

  return 0;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////