diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/layers/activation.py b/python/sglang/srt/layers/activation.py
index f9bb6d6f5..6340c4701 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/layers/activation.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/layers/activation.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from sglang.srt.distributed import (
     get_tensor_model_parallel_world_size,
 )
 from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.base_config import QuantizationConfig
+from sglang.srt.server_args import get_global_server_args
 from sglang.srt.utils import (
     cpu_has_amx_support,
     is_cpu,
@@ -59,6 +60,11 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class SiluAndMul(CustomOp):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+            self._forward_method = self.forward_native
+
     def forward_native(self, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
         d = x.shape[-1] // 2
         return F.silu(x[..., :d]) * x[..., d:]
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/layers/layernorm.py b/python/sglang/srt/layers/layernorm.py
index 1a7263cd5..292bb6777 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/layers/layernorm.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/layers/layernorm.py
@@ -73,9 +73,16 @@ class RMSNorm(CustomOp):
         hidden_size: int,
         eps: float = 1e-6,
         var_hidden_size: Optional[int] = None,
+        cast_x_before_out_mul: bool = False,
+        fp32_residual: bool = False,
+        weight_dtype: Optional = None,
+        override_orig_dtype: Optional = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
-        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size))
+        self.cast_x_before_out_mul = cast_x_before_out_mul
+        self.fp32_residual = fp32_residual
+        self.override_orig_dtype = override_orig_dtype
+        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(hidden_size, dtype=weight_dtype))
         self.variance_epsilon = eps
         self.hidden_size = hidden_size
         self.variance_size_override = (
@@ -165,11 +172,14 @@ class RMSNorm(CustomOp):
     ) -> Union[torch.Tensor, Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]]:
         if not x.is_contiguous():
             x = x.contiguous()
-        orig_dtype = x.dtype
+        orig_dtype = self.override_orig_dtype or x.dtype
         x = x.to(torch.float32)
         if residual is not None:
             x = x + residual.to(torch.float32)
-            residual = x.to(orig_dtype)
+            if self.fp32_residual:
+                residual = x.clone()
+            else:
+                residual = x.to(orig_dtype)
 
         hidden_size = x.shape[-1]
         if hidden_size != self.hidden_size:
@@ -191,7 +201,12 @@ class RMSNorm(CustomOp):
 
         variance = x_var.pow(2).mean(dim=-1, keepdim=True)
         x = x * torch.rsqrt(variance + self.variance_epsilon)
-        x = (x * self.weight).to(orig_dtype)
+
+        if self.cast_x_before_out_mul:
+            x = self.weight * x.to(orig_dtype)
+        else:
+            x = (x * self.weight).to(orig_dtype)
+
         if residual is None:
             return x
         else:
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/layers/logits_processor.py b/python/sglang/srt/layers/logits_processor.py
index e108866df..7beb0f38e 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/layers/logits_processor.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/layers/logits_processor.py
@@ -593,6 +593,11 @@ class LogitsProcessor(nn.Module):
                     None,  # bias
                     True,  # is_vnni
                 )
+            elif get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+                # Due to tie-weight, we may not be able to change lm_head's weight dtype
+                logits = torch.matmul(
+                    hidden_states.bfloat16(), lm_head.weight.T.bfloat16()
+                )
             else:
                 logits = torch.matmul(
                     hidden_states.to(lm_head.weight.dtype), lm_head.weight.T
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/layers/rotary_embedding.py b/python/sglang/srt/layers/rotary_embedding.py
index 2c8181ebe..49f9464ed 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/layers/rotary_embedding.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/layers/rotary_embedding.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import triton
 import triton.language as tl
 
 from sglang.srt.custom_op import CustomOp
+from sglang.srt.server_args import get_global_server_args
 from sglang.srt.utils import (
     cpu_has_amx_support,
     get_bool_env_var,
@@ -124,18 +125,29 @@ class RotaryEmbedding(CustomOp):
         self.cos_sin_cache: torch.Tensor
         self.register_buffer("cos_sin_cache", cache, persistent=False)
 
+        if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+            self._forward_method = self.forward_native
+
     def _compute_inv_freq(self, base: Union[int, float]) -> torch.Tensor:
         """Compute the inverse frequency."""
         # NOTE(woosuk): To exactly match the HF implementation, we need to
         # use CPU to compute the cache and then move it to GPU. However, we
         # create the cache on GPU for faster initialization. This may cause
         # a slight numerical difference between the HF implementation and ours.
+        init_device = (
+            "cpu" if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp" else None
+        )
         inv_freq = 1.0 / (
             base
             ** (
-                torch.arange(0, self.rotary_dim, 2, dtype=torch.float) / self.rotary_dim
+                torch.arange(
+                    0, self.rotary_dim, 2, dtype=torch.float, device=init_device
+                )
+                / self.rotary_dim
             )
         )
+        if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+            inv_freq = inv_freq.cuda()
         return inv_freq
 
     def _compute_cos_sin_cache(self) -> torch.Tensor:
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/layers/sampler.py b/python/sglang/srt/layers/sampler.py
index 8ff1b8681..584e6c8c9 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/layers/sampler.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/layers/sampler.py
@@ -102,6 +102,14 @@ class Sampler(nn.Module):
             if return_logprob and SGLANG_RETURN_ORIGINAL_LOGPROB:
                 probs_without_temp_scaling = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
 
+            if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+                logits_div_temperature = (
+                    logits.bfloat16().div(sampling_info.temperatures).bfloat16()
+                )
+                logprobs_via_logsoftmax_kernel = torch.log_softmax(
+                    logits_div_temperature, dim=-1
+                )
+
             # Post process logits
             logits.div_(sampling_info.temperatures)
             logits[:] = torch.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
@@ -148,8 +156,11 @@ class Sampler(nn.Module):
                     )
 
             if return_logprob:
+                if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+                    logprobs = logprobs_via_logsoftmax_kernel
+                    del logprobs_via_logsoftmax_kernel
                 # clamp to avoid -inf
-                if SGLANG_RETURN_ORIGINAL_LOGPROB:
+                elif SGLANG_RETURN_ORIGINAL_LOGPROB:
                     logprobs = torch.log(probs_without_temp_scaling).clamp(
                         min=torch.finfo(probs_without_temp_scaling.dtype).min
                     )
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen2.py b/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen2.py
index 531f5b6e9..3876d6444 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen2.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen2.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ from sglang.srt.model_loader.weight_utils import (
     default_weight_loader,
     kv_cache_scales_loader,
 )
+from sglang.srt.server_args import get_global_server_args
 from sglang.srt.utils import add_prefix, make_layers
 
 Qwen2Config = None
@@ -89,6 +90,9 @@ class Qwen2MLP(nn.Module):
         self.act_fn = SiluAndMul()
 
     def forward(self, x):
+        if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+            x = x.bfloat16()
+
         gate_up, _ = self.gate_up_proj(x)
         x = self.act_fn(gate_up)
         x, _ = self.down_proj(x)
@@ -275,6 +279,11 @@ class Qwen2Model(nn.Module):
                 quant_config=quant_config,
                 enable_tp=not is_dp_attention_enabled(),
                 prefix=add_prefix("embed_tokens", prefix),
+                params_dtype=(
+                    torch.float32
+                    if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp"
+                    else None
+                ),
             )
         else:
             self.embed_tokens = PPMissingLayer()
@@ -295,7 +304,19 @@ class Qwen2Model(nn.Module):
             prefix=add_prefix("layers", prefix),
         )
         if self.pp_group.is_last_rank:
-            self.norm = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
+            norm_kwargs = (
+                dict(
+                    weight_dtype=torch.float32,
+                    cast_x_before_out_mul=True,
+                    override_orig_dtype=torch.float32,
+                    fp32_residual=True,
+                )
+                if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp"
+                else {}
+            )
+            self.norm = RMSNorm(
+                config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps, **norm_kwargs
+            )
         else:
             self.norm = PPMissingLayer(return_tuple=True)
 
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen3.py b/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen3.py
index 32bda876a..b1135a6b2 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen3.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/models/qwen3.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from sglang.srt.model_loader.weight_utils import (
 )
 from sglang.srt.models.qwen2 import Qwen2MLP as Qwen3MLP
 from sglang.srt.models.qwen2 import Qwen2Model
+from sglang.srt.server_args import get_global_server_args
 from sglang.srt.utils import (
     add_prefix,
     get_cmo_stream,
@@ -88,8 +89,16 @@ class Qwen3Attention(nn.Module):
         self.max_position_embeddings = max_position_embeddings
         self.tp_rank = get_tensor_model_parallel_rank()
 
-        self.q_norm = RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=rms_norm_eps)
-        self.k_norm = RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=rms_norm_eps)
+        norm_kwargs = (
+            dict(
+                weight_dtype=torch.float32,
+                cast_x_before_out_mul=True,
+            )
+            if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp"
+            else {}
+        )
+        self.q_norm = RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=rms_norm_eps, **norm_kwargs)
+        self.k_norm = RMSNorm(self.head_dim, eps=rms_norm_eps, **norm_kwargs)
 
         self.qkv_proj = QKVParallelLinear(
             hidden_size,
@@ -158,10 +167,18 @@ class Qwen3Attention(nn.Module):
         hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
         forward_batch: ForwardBatch,
     ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+            hidden_states = hidden_states.bfloat16()
+
         qkv, _ = self.qkv_proj(hidden_states)
         q, k, v = qkv.split([self.q_size, self.kv_size, self.kv_size], dim=-1)
         q, k = self._apply_qk_norm(q, k)
         q, k = self.rotary_emb(positions, q, k)
+
+        if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp":
+            q = q.to(torch.bfloat16)
+            k = k.to(torch.bfloat16)
+
         attn_output = self.attn(q, k, v, forward_batch)
         output, _ = self.o_proj(attn_output)
         return output
@@ -204,9 +221,22 @@ class Qwen3DecoderLayer(nn.Module):
             quant_config=quant_config,
             prefix=add_prefix("mlp", prefix),
         )
-        self.input_layernorm = RMSNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps)
+
+        norm_kwargs = (
+            dict(
+                weight_dtype=torch.float32,
+                cast_x_before_out_mul=True,
+                override_orig_dtype=torch.float32,
+                fp32_residual=True,
+            )
+            if get_global_server_args().rl_on_policy_target == "fsdp"
+            else {}
+        )
+        self.input_layernorm = RMSNorm(
+            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps, **norm_kwargs
+        )
         self.post_attention_layernorm = RMSNorm(
-            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps
+            config.hidden_size, eps=config.rms_norm_eps, **norm_kwargs
         )
 
         self.layer_scatter_modes = LayerScatterModes.init_new(
diff --git a/python/sglang/srt/server_args.py b/python/sglang/srt/server_args.py
index b4743eb5d..6d429c097 100644
--- a/python/sglang/srt/server_args.py
+++ b/python/sglang/srt/server_args.py
@@ -472,6 +472,7 @@ class ServerArgs:
     enable_return_hidden_states: bool = False
     scheduler_recv_interval: int = 1
     numa_node: Optional[List[int]] = None
+    rl_on_policy_target: Optional[str] = None
     enable_deterministic_inference: bool = False
 
     # Dynamic batch tokenizer
@@ -1526,6 +1527,14 @@ class ServerArgs:
             )
 
     def _handle_deterministic_inference(self):
+        if self.rl_on_policy_target is not None:
+            logger.warning(
+                "Enable deterministic inference because of rl_on_policy_target."
+            )
+            self.enable_deterministic_inference = True
+            # TODO remove this environment variable as a whole
+            os.environ["SGLANG_ENABLE_DETERMINISTIC_INFERENCE"] = "1"
+
         if self.enable_deterministic_inference:
             # Check sampling backend
             self.sampling_backend = "pytorch"
@@ -3300,6 +3309,13 @@ class ServerArgs:
         )
 
         # For deterministic inference
+        parser.add_argument(
+            "--rl-on-policy-target",
+            type=str,
+            default=ServerArgs.rl_on_policy_target,
+            choices=["fsdp"],
+            help="The training system that SGLang needs to match for true on-policy.",
+        )
         parser.add_argument(
             "--enable-deterministic-inference",
             action="store_true",
diff --git a/test/srt/cpu/test_activation.py b/test/srt/cpu/test_activation.py
index 1234fc631..05447bc80 100644
--- a/test/srt/cpu/test_activation.py
+++ b/test/srt/cpu/test_activation.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 from utils import GeluAndMul, SiluAndMul, precision
 
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
 torch.manual_seed(1234)
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ class TestActivation(CustomTestCase):
     dtype = [torch.float16, torch.bfloat16]
 
     def _silu_and_mul_test(self, m, n, dtype):
+        set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
         x = torch.randn([m, n], dtype=dtype)
 
         out = torch.ops.sgl_kernel.silu_and_mul_cpu(x)
diff --git a/test/srt/cpu/test_shared_expert.py b/test/srt/cpu/test_shared_expert.py
index 17818aebb..6086fed65 100644
--- a/test/srt/cpu/test_shared_expert.py
+++ b/test/srt/cpu/test_shared_expert.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from utils import (
     torch_w8a8_per_column_moe,
 )
 
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
 torch.manual_seed(1234)
@@ -149,6 +150,8 @@ class TestSharedExpert(CustomTestCase):
                 self._int8_shared_expert(*params)
 
     def _fp8_shared_expert(self, M, N, K, routed_scaling_factor):
+        set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
         dtype = torch.bfloat16
         prepack = True
 
diff --git a/test/srt/quant/test_block_int8.py b/test/srt/quant/test_block_int8.py
index f6ceb03d0..1dc1edad5 100644
--- a/test/srt/quant/test_block_int8.py
+++ b/test/srt/quant/test_block_int8.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import torch
 from sglang.srt.layers.activation import SiluAndMul
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.fused_moe_triton.fused_moe import fused_moe
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopKConfig, select_experts
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
 
@@ -96,6 +97,8 @@ def native_w8a8_block_int8_matmul(A, B, As, Bs, block_size, output_dtype=torch.f
 def torch_w8a8_block_int8_moe(a, w1, w2, w1_s, w2_s, score, topk, block_shape):
     """This function performs fused moe with block-wise quantization using native torch."""
 
+    set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
     B, D = a.shape
     a = a.view(B, -1, D).repeat(1, topk, 1).reshape(-1, D)
     out = torch.zeros(B * topk, w2.shape[1], dtype=a.dtype, device=a.device)
diff --git a/test/srt/quant/test_int8_kernel.py b/test/srt/quant/test_int8_kernel.py
index dd75d06af..31414d1cd 100644
--- a/test/srt/quant/test_int8_kernel.py
+++ b/test/srt/quant/test_int8_kernel.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from sglang.srt.layers.activation import SiluAndMul
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.fused_moe_triton.fused_moe import fused_moe
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopKConfig, select_experts
 from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.int8_kernel import per_token_quant_int8
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
 
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ def native_w8a8_per_token_matmul(A, B, As, Bs, output_dtype=torch.float16):
 def torch_w8a8_per_column_moe(a, w1, w2, w1_s, w2_s, score, topk):
     """This function performs fused moe with per-column int8 quantization using native torch."""
 
+    set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
     B, D = a.shape
     # Perform per-token quantization
     a_q, a_s = per_token_quant_int8(a)
diff --git a/test/srt/test_fused_moe.py b/test/srt/test_fused_moe.py
index 9f2cc31b1..cda09aec6 100644
--- a/test/srt/test_fused_moe.py
+++ b/test/srt/test_fused_moe.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from sglang.srt.layers.moe.fused_moe_triton.fused_moe import fused_moe
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopKConfig, select_experts
 from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.fp8_kernel import is_fp8_fnuz
 from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.fp8_utils import normalize_e4m3fn_to_e4m3fnuz
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.srt.utils import is_hip
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
@@ -63,6 +64,8 @@ class TestFusedMOE(CustomTestCase):
         a1_scale=None,
         a2_scale=None,
     ):
+        set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
         B, D = a.shape
         a = a.view(B, -1, D).repeat(1, topk, 1).reshape(-1, D)
         out = torch.zeros(B * topk, w2.shape[1], dtype=a.dtype, device=a.device)
diff --git a/test/srt/test_triton_fused_moe.py b/test/srt/test_triton_fused_moe.py
index f3fabb738..f9b1ee884 100644
--- a/test/srt/test_triton_fused_moe.py
+++ b/test/srt/test_triton_fused_moe.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from sglang.srt.layers.moe import MoeRunner, MoeRunnerBackend, MoeRunnerConfig
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.moe_runner.triton_kernels import TritonKernelsQuantInfo
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.token_dispatcher.standard import StandardDispatchOutput
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopK, TopKOutputFormat
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
 
@@ -56,6 +57,8 @@ class TestFusedMOE(CustomTestCase):
         topk,
         return_per_expert: bool = False,
     ):
+        set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
         B, D = a.shape
         a = a.view(B, -1, D).repeat(1, topk, 1).reshape(-1, D)
         out = torch.zeros(B * topk, w2.shape[1], dtype=a.dtype, device=a.device)
diff --git a/test/srt/test_triton_moe_channel_fp8_kernel.py b/test/srt/test_triton_moe_channel_fp8_kernel.py
index bbe44308f..ab2809257 100644
--- a/test/srt/test_triton_moe_channel_fp8_kernel.py
+++ b/test/srt/test_triton_moe_channel_fp8_kernel.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from sglang.srt.layers.activation import SiluAndMul
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.fused_moe_triton.fused_moe import fused_moe
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopKConfig, select_experts
 from sglang.srt.layers.quantization.fp8_kernel import scaled_fp8_quant
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 from sglang.test.test_utils import CustomTestCase
 
 
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ def fp8_mask(a, mask):
 def torch_w8a8_per_column_moe(a, w1, w2, w1_s, w2_s, score, topk):
     """This function performs fused moe with per-column int8 quantization using native torch."""
 
+    set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
     B, D = a.shape
     # Perform per-token quantization
     a_q, a_s = scaled_fp8_quant(a, use_per_token_if_dynamic=True)
diff --git a/test/srt/test_triton_moe_wna16.py b/test/srt/test_triton_moe_wna16.py
index b447b532f..a7e4a3a89 100644
--- a/test/srt/test_triton_moe_wna16.py
+++ b/test/srt/test_triton_moe_wna16.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import torch
 from sglang.srt.layers.activation import SiluAndMul
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.fused_moe_triton.fused_moe import fused_moe
 from sglang.srt.layers.moe.topk import TopKConfig, select_experts
+from sglang.srt.server_args import ServerArgs, set_global_server_args_for_scheduler
 
 NUM_EXPERTS = [8, 64]
 TOP_KS = [2, 6]
@@ -116,6 +117,8 @@ def quantize_weights(
 
 
 def torch_moe(a, w1, w2, score, topk):
+    set_global_server_args_for_scheduler(ServerArgs(model_path="dummy"))
+
     B, D = a.shape
     a = a.view(B, -1, D).repeat(1, topk, 1).reshape(-1, D)
     out = torch.zeros(B * topk, w2.shape[1], dtype=a.dtype, device=a.device)